“Trifles” Free Essays

Holy messenger Parrett Professor Muller English 106/Drama Essay 15 May 2006 Drama Essay Trifles, Susan Glaspell’s play written in 1916, uncover worries of ladies living in a male ruled society. Glaspell imparts the job that ladies were relied upon to play in late nineteenth century society and the mischief that can happen to it to ladies, just as men. The women's activist plan of Trifles was made self-evident, so as to depict the lives of all ladies who live mistreated under male mastery. We will compose a custom paper test on â€Å"Trifles† or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now John and Minnie Wright are two fundamental characters who are never observed; anyway give the episode to the play. In this play ladies are against men, Minnie against her better half, Mrs. Sound and Mrs. Subsides against their husband’s, just as men when all is said in done. The men are egotistical and inhumane, while the ladies are thoughtful, just as understanding and pardon Minnie for the homicide of her significant other. Fools plainly addresses sexual orientation issues, underscoring the abuse of ladies who lose their character after marriage. This is delineated in the associations between Mrs. Sound, the male characters, and Mrs. Dwindles. The play happens in Mr. what's more, Mrs. Wright’s desert ranch house, which is situated down a burrow out of view from the street (1006). The setting is desolate and cold, which implies Minnie Wright’s emotions (forlorn) and depicts John Wright’s character (cold). Mrs. Solidness, the Wright’s neighbor states, â€Å"I’ve never loved this spot. Possibly in light of the fact that it’s down in an empty and you don’t see the road† (1006). This leads the peruser to accept that Minnie was desolate and secluded. Mrs. Robust likewise states, â€Å"†¦. he was a hard man, just to take a break of day with him (shudders). Like a crude breeze that gets deep down. † This announcement was portraying a character characteristic of Mr. Wright; he was thought of as cold. Again Mrs. Solidness offers another expression with respect to Mrs. Wright’s environmental factors saying, â€Å"It never appeared to be an exceptionally bright place† (1003). These announcements talk about how terrible Minnie’s environmental factors were and mean persecution. Mrs. Robust goes on all through the play recalling Mrs. Wright as Minnie Foster, who she was before her union with John Wright. For instance she states â€Å"I heard she used to wear pretty garments and be vivacious, when she was Minnie Foster, one of the town young ladies singing in the ensemble. † (1004). Glaspell utilizes past tense while depicting Minnie’s character preceding marriage. Glaspell likewise thinks about Minnie to a flying creature, something that is cheerful. This is expressed by Mrs. Solidness, â€Å"†¦. she was somewhat similar to a winged creature herself †genuine sweet and pretty, however sort of tentative and â€fluttery. How she changed. † (1006). This announcement means Minnie’s character preceding her marriage and states that she did change after marriage. The portrayal of Minnie’s character before her marriage is sure; the change after marriage has a negative implication. Again Glaspell utilizes past tense while portraying Minnie in a positive light. At the finish of the play Mrs. Sound is as yet recollecting how cheerful Mrs. Wright was as Minnie Foster, preceding marriage. She states to Mrs. Subsides, â€Å"I wish you’d seen Minnie Foster when she wore a white dress with blue strips and stood up there in the ensemble and sang. † (1008). Glaspell utilizes clear depiction, for example, the white dress and blue strips to illustrate how upbeat Mrs. Wright was before marriage. The shading white implies immaculateness and splendor, it is an upbeat shading. The two hues white and blue are utilized in our nations banner, which represents opportunity. The change in Minnie didn't happen until she was hitched. She was no longer observed as brilliant and glad. Her joy changed to dejection. She lived in detachment on a homestead down in a dig out of site. Clearly Mrs. Robust was delicate to Mrs. Wright’s character. Mrs. Sound knew Mrs. Wright as Minnie Foster. Knowing Minnie before marriage made her change from Minnie Foster to Mrs. Wright truly observable to Mrs. Sound. Anyway the male characters in the play had no acknowledgment of any adjustment in Mrs. Wright’s character. The male’s presumption and coldhearted perspectives toward ladies obstruct their capacity to assemble proof that ties Mrs. Wright to the homicide of her significant other. Toward the start of the play Mr. Sound recognizes the guys mentalities toward ladies without knowing. For instance he states, â€Å"†¦. I didn’t know as what his significant other needed had a lot of effect to John. † (1001). This obviously implies the male’s heartlessness toward ladies. This explanation that Mr. Solidness made alluding to John and how he couldn't care less what his significant other needed or didn't need doesn't considerably trigger the inquiry, how was Mrs. Wright rewarded by her better half? Ladies were plainly not has significant as the men. The men dismiss women’s feelings and don’t give an idea to women’s needs or needs. Mr. Solidness was talking about John, Mrs. Wright’s dead spouse in the above model; anyway Mr. Robust likewise communicates his lack of care and pompous mentality toward ladies. Mr. Solidness states, â€Å"Well ladies are accustomed to stressing over wastes of time. † (1003). Wastes of time something that is little, of no result, this is the means by which Mr. Robust considers ladies. The things ladies are worried about are of no significance, they are negligible. This is an undeniable representation of the men’s haughty and harsh perspectives toward ladies. Mr. Robust was by all account not the only male character who showed pomposity and heartlessness toward ladies. The Sheriff who was researching Mr. Wright’s murder likewise showed haughtiness and inhumanity, frustrating his capacity to tie Mrs. Wright to the homicide. The sheriff states, â€Å"Held for homicide and stressing over jam. † (1003). This connotes how he feels that ladies stress over wastes of time, as expressed by Mr. Solidness. He implies that in any event, when a lady is placed in an extremely difficult circumstance, she just concerns over minimal irrelevant things that are of no significance. It doesn't happen to the sheriff that Mrs. Wright would be stressing over the result of her future. This shows his self-importance just as his obtuseness. The district lawyer who is likewise examining the homicide of Mrs. Wright’s spouse adds to the male’s egotistical and coldhearted mentalities. At the finish of the play the area lawyer states, â€Å"For that issue a sheriff’s spouse is hitched to the law. †(1008). This announcement adds to the pompous, obtuse male perspectives toward ladies. Again the men feel that they are the main ones of significance. This exhibits male mastery in the connection among a couple. Ladies no longer have their own character after marriage; they are recognized by their husband’s. Glaspell additionally utilizes the titles of the characters to depict this. The entirety of the male characters in the play are recognized by first and last name or profession itle, (John Wright or Sheriff and so forth ) which stresses significance. The ladies are recognized by their husband’s last name just, with the exception of (Minnie Foster) when Mrs. Solidness is recollecting her before marriage. Mrs. Subsides, the sheriff’s spouse has acknowledged her personality misfortune and taken on her husband’s as her own. All through the play she just relates to her significant other, which exhibits that she no longer has her own personality. During the scene when the men are experiencing Mrs. Wright’s kitchen cupboards and censuring her household aptitudes, Mrs. Sound guards Mrs. Wright. Anyway Mrs. Diminishes concurs with the men. Mrs. Subsides states, â€Å"Of course it’s close to their obligation. † This is one of the principal scenes in which Mrs. Dwindles exhibits that she has surrendered her own personality and taken on her husband’s, the sheriff. The men including, the sheriff, Mrs. Dwindles spouse, are assume to explore Mr. Wright’s murder, rather they are worried about domestics. It isn't right for the men to condemn Mrs. Wright over things that don’t relate to the examination. The men are not carrying out their respons ibility, which is to examine the homicide; they are increasingly worried about the realities relating to Mrs. Wright being a decent homemaker. In view of their harshness toward ladies, they don't give an idea with regards to why the house was in disorder, which would have given them the proof they expected to demonstrate Mrs. Wright murdered her better half, since she was mistreated. Mrs. Robust recognizes that the men are not performing their responsibility, anyway Mrs. Subsides neglects to see this. During the examination Mrs. Sound and Mrs. Subsides locate a half completed blanket that Mrs. Wright was making. This was a key bit of proof because of the manner in which she was sorting it out; she was tying it, much the same as the bunch in the rope that was utilized to gag the life out of Mr. Wright. Anyway the sheriff simply offered a mocking remark toward the blanket, which all the men chuckled at. Mrs. Robust was annoyed with the analysis, anyway Mrs. Dwindles expressed, â€Å"Of course they’ve got terrible significant things on their psyches. † (1005). Again Mrs. Dwindles shields her better half, the sheriff, not understanding on the off chance that he were carrying out his responsibility he would pay attention to everything in the home. Because of his egotistical and uncaring mentality he leaves behind a pivotal piece of proof. His doe s not question that the blanket would connect Mrs. Wright to the homicide. His attitude when he sees Mrs. Robust and Peters taking a gander at the blanket to perceive how Mrs. Wright was going to sort it out is that they are ladies stressing over wastes of time. Mrs. Subsides has gotten so tolerating of being less significant than her better half, that she doe

Verdict Of The Coroner's Inquest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision Of The Coroner's Inquest - Essay Example a needy position. (Matthews, 2010) The law draws a differentiation among disregard and the carelessness While basically unintentional, a disappointment via parental figures was the genuine causative operator. The clinical staff bombed in their fundamental obligations towards this patient, yet medicinal services was given despite the fact that the best possible safety measures were not taken to guarantee that the endorsed treatment was controlled effectively. It is significant that the master drug specialist expressed that no single individual w as totally liable for the passing, in the limit of sole guilty party. ?he framework was set up, not completely effective.There were botches made by a few gatherings. However plainly the mixed up measurements was obviously a mistake, per the expert analysis by Dr. R, where he depicted the regulation of the prescription as 'incredibly off-base', and a 'gigantic deviation.' Furthermore, examinations of clinical discoveries relating to nodular scl erosing Hodgkin's ailment will uncover that the condition isn't perpetually lethal. (van Spronsen et al., 2000) The certainty of J's passing isn't to be underestimated with supreme sureness. While a specialist had anticipated the patient's current status to undoubtedly bring about mortality, the passing of this individual was not unavoidable from this condition, nor should the results of his downfall be seen as less extreme, by virtue of J's age or wellbeing status. Indeed, even should the doctor's gauge of 27 months have been exact, carelessness is as yet evident, and the patient was not so much past expectation. And keeping in mind that the Dr. has noticed that J's condition was terminal, with a multi month likely life expectancy dependent on clinical point of reference for others experiencing nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's ailment, the five-year endurance rate ranges from 90 to 60%, contingent on... This article examines that there are no clear motivating forces that would propose the mistake to be the consequence of purposeful activity with respect to the patient, or with respect to the drug specialist. In this way carelessness added to the inadvertent passing of the patient, J. without genuine malevolence, or proof of conscious forswearing of care and the story decision is justified on account of J. This paper examines that there are no obvious impetuses that would propose the blunder to be the consequence of intentional activity with respect to the patient, or with respect to the drug specialist. Consequently carelessness added to the unintentional passing of the patient, J. without genuine perniciousness, or proof of intentional disavowal of care and the story decision is justified on account of J.â The motivations behind this investigation require a comprehensive outline of the conditions encompassing the passing of the patient, manners by which that demise may have bee n forestalled and contributing components. This decision has endeavored to give a real record of the downfall of J, without intentional, planned activities that were proposed to cause demise. This would likewise C reject the intentional retention of food or treatment. The story is a bookkeeping of occasions and contributing variables, however it isn't fitting in this occurrence to make a complete endeavor to appoint fault in the criminal sense. The drug store staff could have twofold checked their presumptions. The main drug specialist could have guaranteed that those under him worked as per the correct conventions. Medical caretakers at the rest home ought to have had a chance to at any rate question the measurement, should any of them have been acquainted with the standard doses of this kind of chemotherapy. The central drug specialist ought to more likely than not face authorize, yet his activities were not conscious, and an endeavor was made to give care though horribly mistaken .

The Origins of Psychology History Through the Years

The Origins of Psychology History Through the Years History and Biographies Print The Origins of Psychology From Philosophical Beginnings to the Modern Day By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 15, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on March 09, 2019 More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Importance of History Beginnings of Psychology A Separate Discipline First School of Thought Functionalism of James Psychoanalysis Emerges Rise of Behaviorism Third Force in Psychology Cognitive Psychology Psychology Grows Where Are the Women? View All Back To Top While the psychology of today reflects the disciplines rich and varied history, the origins of psychology differ significantly from contemporary conceptions of the field. In order to gain a full understanding of psychology, you need to spend some time exploring its history and origins. How did psychology originate? When did it begin? Who were the people responsible for establishing psychology as a separate science? Why Study Psychology History? Contemporary psychology is interested in an enormous range of topics, looking at human behavior and mental process from the neural level to the cultural level. Psychologists study human issues that begin before birth and continue until death. By understanding the history of psychology, you can gain a better understanding of how these topics are studied and what we have learned thus far. From its earliest beginnings, psychology has been faced with a number questions. The initial question of how to define psychology helped establish it as a science separate from physiology and philosophy. Additional questions that psychologists have faced throughout history include: What topics and issues should psychology be concerned with?What research methods should be used to study psychology?Should psychologists use research to influence public policy, education, and other aspects of human behavior?Is psychology really a science?Should psychology focus on observable behaviors, or on internal mental processes? The Beginnings of Psychology: Philosophy and Physiology While psychology did not emerge as a separate discipline until the late 1800s, its earliest history can be traced back to the time of the early Greeks. During the 17th-century, the French philosopher Rene Descartes introduced the idea of dualism, which asserted that the mind and body were two entities that interact to form the human experience. Many other issues still debated by psychologists today, such as the relative contributions of nature vs. nurture, are rooted in these early philosophical traditions. So what makes psychology different from philosophy? While early philosophers relied on methods such as observation and logic, today’s psychologists utilize scientific methodologies to study and draw conclusions about human thought and behavior. Physiology also contributed to psychology’s eventual emergence as a scientific discipline. Early physiological research on the brain and behavior had a dramatic impact on psychology, ultimately contributing to applying scientific methodologies to the study of human thought and behavior. Psychology Emerges as a Separate Discipline During the mid-1800s, a German physiologist named Wilhelm Wundt was using scientific research methods to investigate reaction times. His book published in 1874, Principles of Physiological Psychology, outlined many of the major connections between the science of  physiology and the study of human thought and behavior. He later opened the world’s first psychology lab in 1879 at the University of Leipzig. This event is generally considered the official start of psychology as a separate and distinct scientific discipline. How did Wundt view psychology? He perceived the subject as the study of human consciousness and sought to apply experimental methods to studying internal mental processes. While his use of a process known as introspection is seen as unreliable and unscientific today, his early work in psychology helped set the stage for future experimental methods. An estimated 17,000 students attended Wundt’s psychology lectures, and hundreds more pursued degrees in psychology and studied in his psychology lab. While his influence dwindled as the field matured, his impact on psychology is unquestionable. Structuralism Becomes Psychology’s First School of Thought Edward B. Titchener, one of Wundt’s most famous students, would go on to found psychology’s first major school of thought. According to the structuralists, human consciousness could be broken down into smaller parts. Using a process known as introspection, trained subjects would attempt to break down their responses and reactions to the most basic sensation and perceptions. While structuralism is notable for its emphasis on scientific research, its methods were unreliable, limiting, and subjective. When Titchener died in 1927, structuralism essentially died with him. The Functionalism of William James Psychology flourished in America during the mid- to late-1800s. William James emerged as one of the major American psychologists during this period and publishing his classic textbook, The Principles of Psychology, established him as the father of American psychology. His book soon became the standard text in psychology and his ideas eventually served as the basis for a new school of thought known as functionalism. The focus of functionalism was about how behavior actually works to help people live in their environment. Functionalists utilized methods  such as direct observation to study the human mind and behavior. Both of these early schools of thought emphasized human consciousness, but their conceptions of it were significantly different. While the structuralists sought to break down mental processes into their smallest parts, the functionalists believed that consciousness existed as a more continuous and changing process. While functionalism quickly faded a separate school of thought, it would go on to influence later psychologists and theories of human thought and behavior. The Emergence of Psychoanalysis Up to this point, early psychology stressed conscious human experience. An Austrian physician named  Sigmund Freud  changed the face of psychology in a dramatic way, proposing a  theory of personality  that emphasized the importance of the  unconscious mind. Freud’s clinical work with patients suffering from hysteria and other ailments led him to believe that early childhood experiences and unconscious impulses contributed to the development of adult personality and behavior. In his book  The Psychopathology of Everyday Life Freud detailed how these unconscious thoughts and impulses are expressed, often through slips of the tongue (known as  Freudian slips) and  dreams. According to Freud, psychological disorders are the result of these unconscious conflicts becoming extreme or unbalanced. The  psychoanalytic theory  proposed by Sigmund Freud had a tremendous impact on 20th-century thought, influencing the mental health field as well as other areas including art, literature, and popular culture. While many of his ideas are viewed with skepticism today, his influence on psychology is undeniable. How Psychoanalysis Influenced the Field of Psychology The Rise of Behaviorism Psychology changed dramatically during the early 20th-century as another school of thought known as  behaviorism  rose to dominance. Behaviorism was a major change from previous theoretical perspectives, rejecting the emphasis on both the  conscious and unconscious mind. Instead, behaviorism strove to make psychology a more scientific discipline by focusing purely on observable behavior. Behaviorism had its earliest start with the work of a Russian physiologist named  Ivan Pavlov. Pavlovs research on the digestive systems of dogs led to his discovery of the  classical conditioning  process, which proposed that behaviors could be learned via conditioned associations. Pavlov demonstrated that this learning process could be used to make an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. An American psychologist named  John B. Watson  soon became one of the strongest advocates of behaviorism. Initially outlining the basic  principles of this new school of thought in his 1913 paper  Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, Watson later went on to offer a definition in his classic book  Behaviorism  (1924), writing: Behaviorism...holds that the subject matter of human psychology  is the behavior of the human being.  Behaviorism claims that consciousness is neither a definite nor a usable concept. The behaviorist, who has been trained always as an experimentalist, holds, further, that belief in the existence of consciousness goes back to the ancient days of superstition and magic. The impact of behaviorism was enormous, and this school of thought continued to dominate for the next 50 years. Psychologist  B.F. Skinner  furthered the behaviorist perspective with his concept of  operant conditioning, which demonstrated the effect of punishment and reinforcement on behavior. While behaviorism eventually lost its dominant grip on psychology, the basic principles of behavioral psychology are still widely in use today. Therapeutic techniques such as  behavior analysis, behavioral modification, and token economies are often utilized to help children learn new skills and overcome maladaptive behaviors, while conditioning is used in many situations ranging from parenting to education. The Third Force in Psychology While the first half of the 20th century was dominated by psychoanalysis and behaviorism, a new school of thought known as  humanistic psychology  emerged during the second half of the century. Often referred to as the third force in psychology, this theoretical perspective emphasized conscious experiences. American psychologist  Carl Rogers  is often considered to be one of the founders of this school of thought. While psychoanalysts looked at unconscious impulses and behaviorists focused on environmental causes, Rogers believed strongly in the power of free will and self-determination. Psychologist  Abraham Maslow  also contributed to humanistic psychology with his famous hierarchy of needs  theory of human motivation. This theory suggested that people were motivated by increasingly complex needs. Once the most basic needs are fulfilled, people then become motivated to pursue higher level needs. How Humanistic Theories Are Used in Psychology Cognitive Psychology During the 1950s and 1960s, a movement known as the cognitive revolution began to take hold in psychology. During this time, cognitive psychology began to replace psychoanalysis and behaviorism as the dominant approach to the study of psychology. Psychologists were still interested in looking at observable behaviors, but they were also concerned with what was going on inside the mind.   Since that time, cognitive psychology has remained a dominant area of psychology as researchers continue to study things such as perception, memory, decision-making, problem-solving, intelligence, and language. The introduction of brain imaging tools such as MRI and PET scans have helped improve the ability of researchers to more closely study the inner workings of the human brain. Cognitive Psychology Psychology Continues to Grow As you have seen in this brief overview of psychology’s history, this discipline has seen dramatic growth and change since its official beginnings in Wundt’s lab. The story certainly does not end here. Psychology has continued to evolve since 1960 and new ideas and  perspectives  have been introduced. Recent research in psychology looks at many aspects of the human experience, from the biological influences on behavior to the impact of social and cultural factors. Today, the majority of psychologists do not identify themselves with a single school of thought. Instead, they often focus on a particular specialty area or perspective, often drawing on ideas from a range of theoretical backgrounds. This eclectic approach has contributed new ideas and theories that will continue to shape psychology for years to come. From 1878 to Today: A Timeline of History of Modern Psychology Where Are All the Women in Psychology History? As you read through any history of psychology, you might be particularly struck by the fact that such texts seem to center almost entirely on the theories and contributions of men. This is not  because women had no interest in the field of psychology, but is largely due to the fact that women were excluded from pursuing academic training and practice during the early years of the field. There are a number of women who made important contributions to the early history of psychology, although their work is sometimes overlooked.   A few pioneering women psychologists included: Mary Whiton Calkins, who  rightfully earned a doctorate degree from Harvard, although the school refused to grant her the degree because she was a woman. She studied with other major thinkers of the day including William James, Josiah Royce, and Hugo Munsterberg. Despite the obstacles she faced, she went on to become the first woman president of the American Psychological Association.  Anna Freud, who  made important contributions to the field of psychoanalysis. She described many of the defense mechanisms and is known as the founder of child psychoanalysis. She also had an influence on other psychologists including Erik Erikson.Mary Ainsworth, who was a developmental psychologist who made important contributions to our understanding of attachment. She developed a technique for studying child and caregiver attachments known as the Strange Situation assessment. A Word From Verywell In order to understand how psychology became the science that it is today, it is important to learn more about some of the historical events that have influenced its development. While some of the theories that emerged during the earliest years of psychology may now be viewed as simplistic, outdated, or incorrect, these influences shaped the direction of the field and helped us form a greater understanding of the human mind and behavior.

Oil and Gas Problems in Kazakhstan Free Essays

string(73) " 10 to 20 years old and 12 percent had been used for more than 30 years\." Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges Kazakhstan is endowed with rich oil reserves, which provide an important source of revenues for stable economic growth and improvement of the country’s living standard. This paper addresses the challenge the Republic of Kazakhstan faces in managing its oil supply chain. The country’s capacity for refining crude oil is minimal and a substantial portion of that refining capacity is outside the Republic; added to that, most of the pipelines and refineries to export oil to international markets are jointly managed by the Republic and multinational corporations (MNCs). We will write a custom essay sample on Oil and Gas Problems in Kazakhstan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus there are political, technological and financial risks for the republic’s oil supply chain. 14 Jay Nathan, The Peter J. Tobin College of Business, St. John’s University As in other oil producing nations, Kazakhstan’s oil industry revenues directly depend on the worldwide prices for oil and oil products, based on supply and demand; and revenues depend on the cost of production and transporting the final product to customers (Rasizade, 1999). For Kazakhstan’s oil supply chain, the physical distribution infrastructure connecting supplies of crude oil to refineries and to the world markets through pipelines, has been challenging and costly. Moreover, currently Kazakhstan is equipped with only a few ; refineries and therefore the major portion of Kazakhstan’s crude oil is being refined in Russia. Recently, China has invested heavily in the construction of pipelines across the Republic of Kazakhstan to supply the increased demand for oil in China. Thus Kazakhstan has to manage political, technical and financial risks in the integration of her oil supply chain (Gaudenzi and Borghesi, 2006; Lockamy and McCormack, 2004). In the era of rapid technological development and globalization. It is imperative that every nation adapts to such an environment. Supply chain management has become an important means for sustaining competitive advantage for all successful industries and businesses (Magretta, 1998). The objective of every supply chain, including the global oil industry, is to maximize the overall value generated. The value a supply chain generates [to an organization, or to a nation] is the difference between what the final product is worth to the customer and the effort the Introduction Kazakhstan has considerable deposits of oil; however, the country faces a serious disadvantage of not having any direct access to the open sea, as the Caspian Sea is landlocked. While her oil industry’s upstream cost, i. e. , the cost for exploration, development and production of crude oil, may be similar to that of most other oil producing nations, its downstream cost, i. e. , transportation of crude oil to the refinery, refining and transportation to markets in particular, is more costly (Sridharan, Canines and Patterson; 2005). For Kazakhstan to transport the oil to world markets, the industry has to depend on pipelines (Cavenagh, 1999) through other countries. Also, maintaining such an operation requires a large number of skilled workers, but Kazakhstan does not have enough of them. Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 15 supply chain expends in filling the customer’s request. For most commercial supply chains, value will be strongly correlated with supply chain profitability, the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain (Chopra and Meindl, 2003; Lee, 2002; Cavinato, 2002). The Republic of Kazakhstan will do well to monitor—especially to sustain growth — the overall value of her oil supply chain in the coming years. because of refinery gain {www. gravmag. com, 2006). It is important to note that greater economic rewards can be gained only with well-integrated global oil supply chain management. Oil Production Sharing Agreement and Risks in Kazakhstan The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Kazakhstan and the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia, periodically set quotas for Kazakhstan’s oil flow through Russian territory. For example, on December 25, 2000 the quota for Kazakhstan was set at 17. 3 million tons. The memorandum between Kazakhstan and Russia of October 9, 2000 sets the principle of â€Å"a single route,† whose sole operator is the Kazakh Oil Company. Annual quotas depend mainly on the political relations between the two nations. Besides politics, there is also a technical risk factor, i. e. , the high degree of pipeline wear and deterioration, which may hamper the effectiveness and quality of services provided to exporting countries. In addition, the lack of proper maintenance of these oil pipelines does exist primarily due to the fact that a large number of well-trained local technicians and engineers who are required are not available to day (Doing Business with Kazakhstan, 2004). Kazakhstan’s oil pipeline systems were built in the ’70s {more than 60 percent of oil pipelines of the Western branch, to be exact) and the rest in the ’80s {75 percent of the Eastern branch). Thus, at the end of the year 2000, Oil producing countries and global supply chains Energy makes the wheels of global supply chains go round (Bud La Londe, 2006). A typical oil supply chain begins with the crude oil producer, next, the oil moves to the refiner, the transporter, the retailer and finally to the gas pump where a customer receives the product. The top world oil producers are Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United States, Iran, Mexico, China, Canada, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Norway, Kuwait, Nigeria, Brazil, Kazakhstan and Iraq. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) controls major crude oil supplies to the world. OPEC influences the price of crude oil by setting production quotas. The values {revenue opportunities) are added by processing and chemically changing the crude oil, which is called â€Å"refining. A 42-gallon barrel of crude oil makes about 19 1/2 gallons of gasoline, nine gallons of fuel oil, four gallons of jet fuel and 11 gallons of other products, including lubricants, kerosene, asphalt and petrochemical feed-stocks to make plastics. This adds up to more than 42 gallons Supply chain management has become an important means for sustaining competitive advantage for all successful industries and businesses. Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 16 55 percent ofthe pi pelines were 10 to 20 years old and 12 percent had been used for more than 30 years. You read "Oil and Gas Problems in Kazakhstan" in category "Essay examples" Only 1 percent has been used for less than 10 years. As time goes by, those pipelines are getting even older and that means not only the risk and cost of maintaining them would be larger, but also the situation presents serious technical problems as well for the Republic of Kazakhstan {Petroleumjournal. com, 2006). form of joint ventures, production sharing agreements and exploration/field agreements. Oil is recovered from 55 fields. The largest of these fields are: Tengiz (some one billion tons of predicted oil reserves); Karachaganak (340 million tons in oil reserves, more than 1. billion tons in gas condensates and more than 1. 3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas); Uzen (with over 1. 5 billion tons of geological hydrocarbon reserves, of which more than 200 million tons are extractable) and Kumkola (with 350 million tons of oil reserves, of which 80 million tons of oil and 75 billion cubic meters of natural gas are proven). The Caspian and Aral Sea shelf also contain significant reserves. Currently, there are only three major refineries in Kazakhstan: Atyrau, Shymkent and Pavlodar (see Exhibit 2). Kazakhstan’s Oil Fields and Production Mangistau and Atyrau oblasts (provinces) are the main oil producing areas in Kazakhstan (see Exhibit 1). They account for more than 70 percent of the total oil extracted in the Republic. The other three extracting regions, Aktyubinsk, Kzylorda and Zapadno Kazakhstanskaya, account for the remainder. International oil projects have taken the Exhibit 1: Production (in thousand tons) by regions 1998 Crude oil, thousand tons Aktubinskaya Atyrauskaya Zapadno-Kazakhstanskaya Kyzylordinskaya Mangistauskaya 23,818. 7 2,640. 8 11,135. 1 3,007. 8 7,035. 0 1999 26,735. 8 2,326. 7 12,359. 3 3,928. 8,121. 7 2000 30,647. 9 2,701. 1 13,422. 0 13. 5 533. 8 9,173 2001 36,060. 0 3,405. 3 15,589. 5 49. 4 6,172. 8 10,843. 0 Source: National Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, 2005 Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 17 Exhibit 2: Design and Delivery Capacities of Major Refineries Plant Design Capacity m In. tons Actual Deliveries min. tons Per month Design thousand tons Actual thousan d tons Per day Design thousand tons Actual thousand tons Shymkent Oil Refinery PavlodarOil Refinery Atyrau Oil Refinery 6. 5 3. 6 2. 3 590 326. 8 189. 5 245. 4 19. 7 22. 6 14 10. 9 6. 3 7. 5 4. 677 418 2. 7 8. 2 Source: National Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, 2005 †¢ Pavlodar (a foreign investor was given a management concession in 1997; the plant has been under government control since summer 1999) processes mainly light crude from Siberia and supplies the northern region of Kazakhstan; †¢ Atyrau belongs to Kazakhoil, processing heavy domestic oil and supplies the western region; †¢ Shymkent was mostly sold (95 per cent) to private investors in 1996. It processes dedicated crude from the region (Kumkol, Aktyubinsk, Turkmen fields) and supplies the south, particularly Almaty. Kazakhstan’s Oil Production and Distribution Costs A multitude of different schemes exist for dividing oil revenues between the host country and the foreign partner. The usual target for distribution of revenue from production to market is about 85 percent to the host country and 15 percent to the oil company. This ratio can be construed in a variety of different ways with different types of contractual forms; it also depends on the host country’s laws and preferences, but in general oil companies target this ratio. This number has varied over the years. For example, in Saudi Arabia the ratio is much higher in favor of the Saudis due to huge reserves and tower production costs. In the Caspian, the ratio is likely to be lower due to additional transport costs of getting the oil out of the region, i. e. , pipeline construction costs and transit fees and political risks in the area. Part of the problems with signing contracts with Caspian nations has been the nations’ unwillingness to recognize the economic necessity of decreasing the ratio (Feiveson, 1998). The upstream breakdown of costs is about 10 percent for exploration to find an economical field (odds are about one in 10 holes drilled will hit a commercial-sized field), 80 percent (or higher) to develop the find and 10 percent in continued on pg. 20 The benefits an increased number of properly educated personnel would befar the proper management of the entire supply chain activities are enormous; it is a strategic necessity for the Republic of Kazakhstan to leverage and sustain future oil revenues. Major Oil Pipelines and their Routes Map Here are the various Kazak pipelines and their routes: Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 18 Exhibit 3: Map of Major Pipelines Oil ptpalin «a Existing) prundw eonsiruClioR A Maior Ott nekl RBfinoty  » Planntd wunott †¢ †¢ confl ruction 0 Mil « 200 Km 400 Oil Pipelines Infrastructure in Central Asia Source: Adapted from Kazakhstan Oil and Gas International Conference Proceedings, 2002 The major pipelines are identified by the Kazakhstan Ministry of Power, Industry and Trade as the projected priority export routes for oil in the following order: 1. Atyrau-Samara pipeline: The possibilities for oil exports along the AtyrauSamara oil pipeline are restricted by its throughput capacity and by the quota set by Russia. This is a constraining factor for the growth of both crude oil production and export supplies. To increase the throughput capacity from 10 to 15 million tons per year, a series of technical measures in Kazakhstan and Russia are being taken at a cost of 22 million dollars; Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 2. Tengiz-Novorossisk oil pipeline: The Caspian Pipeline Consortium’s (CPC) oil export pipeline project is a short-term priority westward. This project ensures an independent outlet for Kazakhstan’s oil exports to the Black Sea and opens up opportunities for the attraction of foreign investments in the oil-and-gas sector. The necessary agreements for the project participants have already been signed and operations initiated; 3. Trans-Caspian pipeline: Planned to follow a route through the Black Sea to Turkey, the Trans-Caspian oil pipeline project is considered to be a priority. The oil pipeline will stretch from Western Kazakhstan to an outlet on the Mediterranean (the Turkish port of Ceyhan) via the Caspian Sea. The territory of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey creates risks for the project due to the complicated mountainous terrain and water barriers and the need to cross confiict-prone zones; 4. Kazakhstan-China pipeline: Since 2004, in the Kazakhstan section of the Caspian Sea, the volume of the crude oil production has increased. The export oil pipeline of the CPC alone cannot meet the demand for oil transportation infrastructure. Preliminary engineering and economic calculations have shown that an oil pipeline eastward to China is a promising and economically favorable project. The Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline project can, simultaneously, meet Kazakhstan’s national security interests and provide an outlet to meet China’s growing demand for oil. The oil pipeline’s route will pass over the territory of Kazakhstan and China will guarantee the project funding. The downside of the project is that the People’s Republic of China can potentially control the price paid for the oil; 5. Persian Gulf-Iranian oil pipeline: The Persian Gulf-Iranian oil pipeline provides another possible oil pipeline route to the south. However, severe competition from OPEC countries can bring about a reduction in the price paid for oil from the Persian Gulf. Consequently, a reduced load on the oil pipeline may occur at some time in the future due to low profitability in that market. No terms for investment mobilization for this project have yet been defined; 6. Arabian Sea-Trans-Asi an oil pipeline: The Trans-Asian oil pipeline via Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan to an outlet in the Arabian Sea is politically highly risky, since it passes over the territory of Afghanistan. Currently, consideration is being given to the basic question of how the funding will be organized for the project. Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 20 Exhibit 4: Comparison of Transport Costs per barrel of Kazakh Oil Route Cost to Port $1. 42 $1. 42 $1. 42 Black Sea Tanker Second Pipeline Final Tanker Cost $1. 23 Total Tengiz Novorossiysk Samsun Ceyhan NovorossiyskBosporus Bypass Turkmenistan – Kharg Source: KazakhOil Report, 2005 $2. 65 $3. 46 $3. 17 $2. 50 $0. 40 $0. 40 $0. 88 $0. 59 $0. 76 $0. 76 $0. 93 $1. 57 operating costs to produce the oil. Exploration costs are cash expenditures, which include payments for exploration licenses to the host countries. Development costs are capital costs depreciated over time and operating costs pay for themselves with the sales of crude oil production. Downstream costs include transportation of crude to the refinery, refining, transportation of products to market and marketing. If one were to examine the cost breakdown of a gallon of gas {called petrol in some countries) averaged around the world, from ground to market, the distribution would be approximately: †¢ 2. percent for exploration †¢ 12. 5 percent {or more) for production and development †¢ 20 percent to the host government †¢ 2. 5 percent for transportation to a refinery †¢ 7. 5 percent for refining †¢ 2. 5 percent to transport to market †¢ 2. S percent for marketing †¢ 50 percent in taxes to the consumer at the pump For example, the costs per barrel for export of Tengiz oil are: lifting costs (the costs to get crude oil extracted from below surface and bringing it to the ground level) $2, pipeline costs $1. 2, transit fee $3, shipping by oil tanker {including other means) $1. 23. The total comes to $7. 65. Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges In Kazakhstan the preferred contract form is a joint venture between a foreign firm and a state enterprise, generally KazakhOil, which is the state oil company. In a joint venture both the state enterprise and the foreign venture invest stated amounts of capital, which can take various forms, including physical assets and rights to land. Risk is shared in proportion to capita! nvested. The amount of control the foreign firm has is usually limited and in some cases joint ventures are little more than contracts for procurement. The usual target for distribution of revenue from production to market is about 85 percent to the host country and 15 percent to the oil company. Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 21 Kazakhstan has two separate pipeline networks: a crude oil pipeline from Western Siberia supplies Pavlodar and Shymkent, while Atyrau runs solely domestic crude from northwest Kazakhstan. The current pipeline system is fragmented and does not link the east and the west of the country, nor does it move petroleum from oil producing fields in the west of the country to the Pavlodar or Shymkent refineries located in the north and the east. The domestic pipelines capacity will not cope with the anticipated significant volume increases the Republic hopes to be producing in the years to come. At present some of Kazakhstan’s production is exported by means of barges to Baku, Azerbaijan, where it is fed into the Azerbaijan pipeline network system and sent to world markets (Rasizade, 1999). The existing pipeline networks will require large investments, if Kazakhstan is to develop its crude oil and gas potential to the fullest. Kazakhstan’s major oil ports are: Atyrau and Aktau ; major oil export pipelines are: Tengiz-Novorossiisk (Russia); Uzen-AtyrauSamara (Russia); the Kenkyak-Orsk (Russia) line that transports oil from the Aktyubinsk fields to the Orsk refinery; and the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) that transports oil from Western Kazakhstan to the Black Sea at Novorossiysk (Baker and McKenzie, 2002). Even though the Republic has upgraded its overall educational system, especially the post-secondary curricula, degree offerings and the academic rigor modeling after the Western-type system, there is still a paucity of engineers and technicians to maintain and to sustain the growth of the oil industry. The benefits an increased number of properly educated personnel would be for the proper management of the entire supply chain activities are enormous; it is a strategic necessity for the Republic of Kazakhstan to leverage and sustain future oil revenues. Current Issues in Global Energy Market In recent years, demand for energy has surged. This unrelenting increase has helped fuel global economic growth, but placed considerable pressure on suppliers augmented by geopolitics and other disruptive factors. On the demand side, increased energy security and environmental concerns may lead to changes in consuming countries’ energy policies. These uncertainties have been reflected in the market through volatility and high prices (Birol, 2006). Daniel Yergin of Cambridge Energy Research Associates Inc. (CERA) during a symposium on â€Å"The Economics and Geopolitics of Russian Energy† at Georgetown University in Washington D. C. n October 29, 2007, forecasted that oil prices are becoming increasingly decoupled from the fundamentals of supply and demand (Yergin, 2007). Policy Implications for the leadership in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan is not a major player in geopolitics. OPEC member states and Russia have political clout in the global energy market. Russia, Kazakhstanâ €™s northern neighbor, not only has huge oil reserves on her own, but also Energy makes the wheels of global supply chains go round. Kazakhstan’s Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 22 controls the refining capacities, as well as some of the flows of refined oil from Kazakhstan to world markets. However, for the young republic, the rich deposit of oil is a blessing; at the same time, it can easily be squandered by mismanagement and bad public policy. Fortunately, in today’s global world — armed with first-class business know-how and with lessons learned from other oil producing nations — it is possible for the leadership of Kazakhstan to take a long-term view of proven crude oil deposits in the Caspian Sea and within the sovereign republic of Kazakhstan. 7. Feiveson, H. (1998). â€Å"The Problem of Caspian Energy. † Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University. 8. Gaudenzi, B. and A. Borghesi. (2006). Managing Risks in the Supply Chain Using Ahp Method. † International journal of Logistics Management, vol. 17, pp. 114-136. www. gravmag. com 9. Lee, Hau L. (2002). â€Å"Aligning Supply Chain Strategies with Product Differentiation. † California Management Review, pp. 105-119. 10. Lockamy, A. and Kevin McCormack. (2004). Linking SCOR pla nning practices to supply chain performance. International journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 24, pp. 1192-1218. 11. National Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, 2005. www. petroleumjournal. kz References 1. Birol, F. (2006). â€Å"World Energy Prospects and Challenges. The Australian Economic Review, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 190-195. 2. Bud La Londe. (2006). â€Å"Energy Problem Cries for Decisive Action. † Supply Chain Management Review, Vol. 10, Issue 6, pp. 6. 3. Cavenagh, A. (1999, February 24). â€Å"Caspian Oil Project Has a Slov^ Road to Syndication. † Project Finance International, pp. 50-51. 4. Cavinato, J. (2002, May June). â€Å"What’s Your Supply Chain Type? † Supply Chain Management Review, pp. 60-66. 5. Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2004). SupplyChain Management (Second Edition). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 6. Doing Business with Kazakhstan. (2004). Edited by Marat Terterov. London, England: Kogan Page Publishers. 12. Rasizade, A. (1999). â€Å"Azerbaijan, the U. S. and Oil Prospects On The Caspian Sea. † Journal of Third World Studies, vol. XVI, No. 1, pp. 29-48. 13. Report of Baker and McKenzie. (2002, November). CIS Energy Notes. 14. Report of KazakhOil (2005). 15. Sridharan, U. , Caines, R. and C. Patterson. | (2005). â€Å"Implementation Of Supply Chain Management and its Impact on the Value Of Firms. † Supply Chain Management, Vol. 10, pp. 313-318. 16. Yergin, D. (2007). â€Å"Oil Market Fever as Prices Near $100. † Pipeline Gas Journal, Issue II, pp. 97-97. How to cite Oil and Gas Problems in Kazakhstan, Essay examples

Suffering Ignored Essays - Muse Des Beaux Arts, W. H. Auden

Suffering Ignored On February 21, 1907 Wystan Hugh Auden was born in York England. Auden was a poet, dramatist, and literary critic whose everyday language and conversational rhythms has had a major influence on modern poetry. Auden was initially a science major but after several years at Gresham School he realized science was not the career for his future. With the influence from Robert Medley, Auden began to write poetry. Due to this big change in Auden's life, he enrolled in Christ Church, at Oxford. Before his departure from Gresham School Auden came to recognize his homosexuality. At the beginning of Auden writing career he had an interest in Anglo-Saxon poetry. Auden's poetry in the 1930's "largely constitutes a diagnosis of industrial English society in the midst of economic and moral decay." (Bahr p. 212) In 1930 Auden began to teach school in his community. In 1935 Auden married a young lady named Erika Mann. Erika was the daughter of a German novelist. The marriage occurred only so Erika cou ld receive a British passport. In 1939 Auden moved to America. This was a turning point in his life. Auden's writing style "shifted away from many of his earlier intellectual convictions and moved toward a reaffirmation of his childhood faith." (Magill p. 73) This change allowed him to write poetry that was said to influence people to Christianity. Auden was a popular modern poet who impressive reputation was based on his technical writing and overall work. Although several critics say Auden's writing digressed after the 1930's, he is still a well admired poet. As expected Auden has received several literary awards. Auden received the King's Gold Medal for poetry in 1937, the Guggenheim fellowships in 1942 and 1945 and the Pulitzer Prize in 1948. (Magill 72) Auden is a poem that can not and will not be forgot in literary history. In 1939 Auden published a poem titled "Musee des Beaux Arts." This is a poem about "The universal indifference to human misfortune." (Masterplots p.1430) "Musee des Beaux Arts" talks about how individuals do not care about the suffering of one another. This poem theme is based on a painting by Pieter Bruegel called The Fall of Icarus. While in Brussels, Auden visited the Musees Royaux des beaux-arts where he was motivated by three of Bruegel painting. . "Musee des Beaux Arts" can be paralled to the painting by Bruegel. The insignificance of Icarus fall in the ocean, displayed by his legs sticking out the ocean, seen in the bottom right hand corner, is similar to how the suffering of individuals are not important to each other. The poem is written in two paragraphs. The first paragraph consists of several broad statements. In the second paragraph there are applications for those broad statements. In the first section of the poem the word suffering is used only in the first line, in fact suffering is the first noun. This is important because the poem is "constructed to demonstrate that it is only in its own first line and nowhere else in the world that human agony receives any emphasis." (Masterplots p. 1430) As the poem continues Auden mentions people "eating or opening a window or just walking dully along." These statements highlight how the suffering of people does not have any effect on how others live their life. The death of a stranger will not cause one to slit a wrist. As the poem continues Auden refers to the birth of Jesus. As the first stanza comes to an ending there is reference to the crucifixion of Jesus. In the poem the crucifixion is interrupted by dogs, "the dogs go on with their doggy life" Auden uses the word doggy to "represent to childish vocabulary." (Masterplots p.1430) Auden uses the word life rather than lives because he once again wants to emphasis the childish vocabulary. While Jesus is being tortured the torturer's horse scratches his bottom side. . The word "behind" is used to emphasis the innocents of the children. This distracts the reader from the horrible evil deed that was being executed. Auden uses a simple vocabulary in the "Musee des Beaux Arts" so the reader can visualize the common air. In today's society

The Jungle †by Upton Sinclair

The Jungle – by Upton Sinclair Free Online Research Papers Upon first reading Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle,† I was quite disturbed to see what was going on with the meat packing industry. It was disgusting and unbelievable that there were no sanitation rules and regulations required during this time. I am glad that Sinclair was able to bring this problem to everyone’s attention. The fact that diseased animals were knowingly accepted truly disturbed me, â€Å"†¦where men welcomed tuberculosis in the cattle they were feeding, because it made them fatten more quickly.† I don’t understand how the health and well being of the consumer and the workers were not a concern. TB was a dangerous and deadly disease at that time and was not easily cured; I am sickened to know the meat industry played a role in the deaths by TB. â€Å"These rats were a nuisance and the packers would out poison they would die, and then the rats, bread and meat would go in the hoppers together.† The fact that consumers had no idea they were purchasing rat remains, rats, and poison to feed their family is ridiculous. This place was disgusting. I’m surprised more people weren’t killed from the food. The workers I think bothered me a lot, it seemed they were all diseased or sick. Who would want someone like this handling their food with no protection This is disgusting! â€Å"†¦the workers in each of them had their own peculiar disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The fact the workers were all sick made no sense to me Congress should have been on top of this, con sidering the fact that these are the people handling our food. Jurgis’ experience at this time showed the American Culture to be on of a third world culture. It seemed as if we had no morals to tolerate such behavior from the meat packing industry. I am aware that it was not at first brought to the President and Congress’ attention but it should have been something that was regulated anyway. I feel Jurgis’ experience were very significant to the development of our new regulations. In Sinclair’s book he opened our eyes to the unseen world of the meat packing industry and helped develop many sanitation rules. After reading Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle† President Roosevelt sent two agents to Chicago to investigate, and when they arrived back they confirmed Sinclair’s story. Roosevelt and Congress then created the meat inspection act of 1906. This law required federal inspection of meats and gave the agriculture department the right to enforce sanitation standards in processing plants. Along with this, the Pure Food and Drug Act was also enacted on the same day. Research Papers on The Jungle - by Upton Sinclair19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationWhere Wild and West MeetThe Spring and Autumn

Fathers Day Quotes From Daughters to Dads

Fathers Day Quotes From Daughters to Dads Fathers and daughters share a special bond. Reach out to the most special man in your life on Fathers Day  with one of these special messages  about the relationship between fathers and daughters.   Fanny Fern To  her, the name of father was another name for love. Anne Geddes Any man can be a father,  but it takes someone special to be a dad. Euripides To a father growing old, nothing is dearer than a daughter. Margaret Thatcher I just owe almost everything to my father [and] its passionately interesting for me that the things that I learned in a small town, in a very modest home, are just the things that I believe have won the election. Margaret Truman Its only when you grow up, and step back from him, or leave him for your own career and your own home- its only then that you can measure his greatness and fully appreciate it. Pride reinforces love. Shakira I thank God that Im a product of my parents, that they infected me with their intelligence and energy for life, with their thirst for knowledge and their love. Im grateful that I know where I come from. Anne Sexton It doesnt matter who my father was; it matters who I remember he was. Angelina Jolie And my dad:  youre a great actor but youre a better father. Gloria Naylor Old as she was, she still missed her daddy sometimes. Helen Hayes When Charles first saw our child Mary, he said all the proper things for a new father. He looked upon the poor little red thing and blurted, Shes more beautiful than the Brooklyn Bridge. Enid Bagnold A father is always making his baby into a little woman. And when she is a woman he turns her back again. Phyllis McGinley The thing to remember about fathers is, theyre men. A girl has to keep it in mind: They are dragon-seekers, bent on improbable rescues. Scratch any father, you find someone chock-full of qualms and romantic terrors, believing change is a threat - like your first shoes with heels on, like your first bicycle it took such months to get. John Gregory Brown Theres something like a line of gold thread running through a mans words when he talks to his daughter, and gradually over the years it gets to be long enough for you to pick up in your hands and weave into a cloth that feels like love itself. John Mayer Fathers, be good to your daughters. You are the God and the weight of her world. Garrison Keillor The father of a daughter is nothing but a high-class hostage. A father turns a stony face to his sons, berates them, shakes his antlers, paws the ground, snorts, runs them off into the underbrush, but when his daughter puts her arm over his shoulder and says, Daddy, I need to ask you something, he is a pat of butter in a hot frying pan. Stanley T. Banks You fathers will understand. You have a little girl. She looks up to you. Youre her oracle. Youre her hero. And then the day comes when she gets her first permanent wave and goes to her first real party, and from that day on, youre in a constant state of panic. Anonymous They say that from the instant he lays eyes on her, a father adores his daughter. Whoever she grows up to be, she is always to him that little girl in pigtails. She makes him feel like Christmas. In exchange, he makes a secret promise not to see the awkwardness of her teenage years, the mistakes she makes or the secrets she keeps. Ashton Kutcher, on being a step-parent I like being what the girls call MOD- my other Dad. What Ive learned in the past year is that every kid is different. But as long as you love them and never forget that love, then you have the key. I think its all about just being there and loving them because kids feel that every single day. Alice Walker It no longer bothers me that I may be constantly searching for father figures; by this time, I have found several and dearly enjoyed knowing them  all. Margaret Atwood All fathers are invisible in  daytime; daytime is ruled by  mothers  and fathers come out at night. Darkness brings home fathers, with their real, unspeakable power. There is more to fathers than meets the eye.